Rail anchor



Jan. 15, R A B A RAIL ANCHOR Filed Feb. 6, 1933 50 ln v e nT r 2o 1 mwmlxm. 2,! 2g U'Ho 11.51

1,988,261.. v t. Qf Q l m flQ Q a v orsem n. Blair, ceiiimma oayg Ind. 1 ppsa iah} February 6, 1333, s rials). 4555,,33'1 f L'MY invention relates to mail anchors;..of the typevadapted to be clamped oniime flange of :a rail adapted by 'engagementmith: auciioss tie orother ifixed portion of a track to hold the i aiil against movement longitudinally: there ori rtt; is the object of my invention toaprov-ide an -improvedtorml ar-1d arrangement of parts in a" 'devi ce ofi th-is characteFfibWreason of which an i'mprove'd gripping=- eifec may be hadLon m mm e i It-is orie ofthe-object's of my invention toprovidean improved arrangementfiwith respect to the" application of the anchor to' a rail 1 whereby the is made eflectiv'' 'for gripping a rail regardless of slight discrepancies #or tolerances in the iiimensions -of the raii duento wear 'of the rolls by whichthe rails are produced or to any other-cause. fl Te -this end; it is one of theobjects -of my invention to provide-animproved a connection between' t'h'e' abutment-memberand the trans-yerse =-bar"member oi my improved device, comprising preferably apart carried by or forming a portion of the abutment: member and adapted to: yield transversely of the with respect to said abutmentimember 'but tosresist strongly any tendencyior such transverse movemerit; and 1 arranged so that when said part isin its normal position thedanchorshall fihavewan effective grip on -a*rail ofas-a predetermined minimum isize and whereby When' said'pant moved transversely/ out of.normalmpositiona by the application .of heavyspressure :thereon the eflectiverl'ength of :the bar member extended (.beyond the: abutment member is increased slightly for holding: :the abutment: member in reflective grippingrelatioh. to asrai1= of; slightly greater width. orirsl-ighzfly igreater ibickhess; It is one of the obj ects'iof my invention to'prowidelayielding connection of this type between theLEabutmerit. member .and' the transverse bar member thexusesitrfi am arm -positioneda von the abutmentmember so as :to extend longitudinally vof the. rail and preferably free at one .end; the arrangement; preferably beingz suchnthazt a shifting of the-.bar member may he efiedtedxtra'nsverselw' ofathei railxwith respeotlto theabutm'ent memberfor: varying the efiective length of said bar member'without .substantiallychanging the relative positionsof the. gripping viiaws of said abutment member respect'to' each other.

Itnis; one of the; objects oi; my invention; to provide 'an improved: arrangement of;:grippin;g parts-comprising a jaw member-adapted to: Yen-t gage ones-edge of the flange Qfafi ra itcgether with meansadapteditoicoonerate withisaiid jaw member whereby said amemher is tilted about am axis extendingzjtnansversely' of the" {as said member isfonied intoposition on thezflange for: giving :said memberf'aa shackle-or. lever" grip omithezitopi and hottomifaces of said flange.

lt'jisi another object of my invention. .to provide want improved arrangement: resiiient means. for connecting a transverse zbar to an abutment :m'emberaisdevicet of this type byg reason of whi'chthe bar isv freetonswingmdown wardly' to. the necessary :ex tentfor permitting an: upwardly extending retaining lug on" said transverse" bar to have the desired snap engagementiwith the opposite .edge ofethe flange due i'npart at 'least to a. yielding the engaged portion-of ithe abutment. member, without: the necessity that alllof: the! distortion in vertical direction shall take place in said transversabar member; serving "thus-to distribute the deformatiorrsd 8.5"fi0w'0l1firdOWIIfihE probabi'litypf permanehi; kdistoi tion'aat any" r'ioint. Toithis end,it isnonei'o'f the objects of my invention ito provide aha-arrangement of this sortin which the part of thevabutment' member having engagement with the transverse bar member is yieldable withirespect to the remaind'er of-theabutment mem bernsb as to? be capable '-of being distortedfor permitting the desired 'ang ul'ar movement of the transverse [bar member as a Whole. It'is one of my objects to :provide an arrangementof this type in which the transverse movement of the-yielding engaged. portion of the abutment member normall-y occurs without any tendency therebyto: force thetransverse bar member to swing downwardly. i

It is another obi'ect of my invention to improve-devices of this type in sundry details v hereinafter pointed out. "The preferred means 'Which I have accomplished my several obi j'c-ts arei-llustra'ted i'n the accompanying draw"- ing and are hereinafter specifically described; That which. I believe to be newzand' desire to cover by; Letters Patent is s set. forth in the Inthe drawing,---. g ,i ,l ffiiigr1 ,is an outside face viewof'imy improved abutment member with the transverse-bar member engaged therewith, the transverse barimem her beingtshown in vertical section; 5 I iEiga View from the :same point, but with the transverse bar member in end-elevation and vszit1-1 1;heanchor in operative -.-gripping position on axrail, a, fragmentary portion of which; is

shcwm i dicated'by the same' referencecharacters,1'15-indicates a rail supported in a track by a series of I cross ties 16, only one of which is illustrated; An abutment member 17 is mounted upon the, fiange 18 of the rail 15 in contact with thecro'ss' tie 16, being held in position upon theiflange'byi a transverse bar member ,19.

As is clearly shown in' Fig. "L the abutment member 17'is in the form of a U made of. metal,

portion of .theujaibar portion .21 at right angles tofthe platet-20ilandformingwthe cross bar.

of the U, and a;- plate portion comprisingtwo parts 22' and 3'flocated opposite to.the..;plate 20 and forming theothersleg portion ofthe' U, the parts 22..and' 23i-beingconnected togetherby means of areversel'y Lb'ent arm portion24in the form of a loop open at one end, an. of therparts 20," 21,v 22, 24 and 23xinithe:arrangement shown being formed integrally withreach other :from a single strip of metal. 'Ihe'tplate portions .20. and 23 are providedattheir sideedges with oppositely disposed notches or openings. 25xwhich .are adapted to have a .aworking fit upon the aflange. 18 of 1' the rail upon lwhich'; the anchor is designed: to be efiectiver. r1 r: 'My-improved cross. bar member '19 is provided at one. endwith a.- :turned: back' end portion or arm-26 and is provided at its opposite end with an: upwardly extending arm orlug 2'7. The bar. 19 and arms ,26.- and 27 are'formed integrally with each other,- preferably .of. spring steel'bent orpressed into form. ..;Asyis*best shown in Fig. the, return :bend portion connecting the arm 26',with the body :19 of .thebarfis disposed at a; slight angle fromthetransversa so as-to give the loop formed .bygthe bar-l9 and the.arm.-26 a slightly greater; effective length at one side edge than at the other; Y J

. The bar 19 and the turned back arm'portion 26 are .of a width corresponding to the distance between the sideplate .portion 20. at one side of the bar and the side plate 22i"-23 at the opposite side. Priorto applicationof the anchor to a rail, ;the.-transverse;bar member is .to'becon nected with. the abutment. member by the engagement; of the turned back arm 26 aboutthe loop or arm 24 o1f; the rabutmentmember. The s t e a m. 26 mm h n io of the bar 19 isnormally less than the vertical thickness of theIarm 24.]of .the, abutment member, so that it is necessary that somelittle pressure be applied for forcing the. bar member into positionas shown in 1 suchjoperation serving to spread the armj26 outwardly, with respectto the 'bod'y'- of the bar 19 so as to bring such arm" 2'6 substantially into" parallelism with the body of the bar. In such engaged position as shown Fig:' 1, the arm 26 presses upwardly upofnf the loop f24 of theabutment member at thepoint 28 as'-s hown'in"Fig'.'1; and the bar 19' pressesdownWardly upon= said loop 24 'at'the point 29 as shown in said figure, whereby "there is a tendency for the bar member to rotate the bar 19 and the arm 26, and the pressure of the bar 19 and arm 26 upon the top and bottom faces'of said arm 24 aresufllcient for holding thejabutmentmember and the trahsversebar memberyieldingly by friction in engaged posimass shown-inFig; "1 so as to be capable'of being; shipped and handled as a unit ready for application to a rail.

- When itxis desired to applytheanchor. to the rail for which-the. anchorisdesigned, the device is first placed in position as shown in Figzj4,

with the notches ,of'the side plates of the abutment member engaging the. flange of the rail at one .side, and with the ,lug c27- engaging the bottom face. 011 the rail .at: a. shortadi stance from the opposite ,-.edge 30f .the1flange. :In this position, the notches..25 are partially-blocked by the body, portion 19 of the-cross bar member which. isjheld in slightly elevated position v with respect to thewabutment member. by 188801). {0f the oblique position, of the arm,24 of the abutment member. Inthis position of theparts, the.

end portionpoiathe arm 26; engages lightly'with the cross bar portion21of the abutment mem: her. H j. N1 t2;

,Pressure. isthen applied upon the return bend portion of the transverse bar-member, by the use. of 'a-maul or .,otherwise-,. for forcing the transverse. bar memberxtowardthe-right in Fig. 4. As the parts move" toward the; right in said figure, :theabody'portionq 19 of; the cross bar member .is forced downwardly by, thefiange 'of the f rail entering thexnot'ches 25, serving to swing. the; arm 24; from its @obliqueposition as shown in Fig. 1' to: a substantially, horizontal po--, sition, as *shown ;'in Fig. 2: y'I'his downward movement of the arm 24 and the transverse bar member serves toxpressthe end of the arm' 26 strongly into engagement with the bottom, cross bar 21 of the-abutment member, whereby thereafter the. arm' 26 is'held against swinging downwardlywith respect to the. body portion 19. .As the: pressure is applied uponthe device for forcing it into position onlthe rail, the lateral pressure between the outsidedoop, portion of the transversebar member and the inside loop' portion 24 of the abutment member 'increasesisubstantially as the'play between the parts. is taken up, serving ito move. the transverse bar member toward the right'innFigl 4 with respect to' the arm or loop 24fand also to move said transverse bar member ands'aid' engaged'arm portion 24 or the .abutmentmember together toward the 1 right in said Fig. 4 for; permitting the lug 27* to snap into engagement 'with the edge of the flange as shown'in'zFigi 3. Such transverse swinging movementof :the arm 24 upon continued movement'ot the transverse bar member toward the riglit' in .Fig'; 4 is assured by'jreason of the fact that the engaging loop ofthe transverse bar member is-shorter at the side engaging the frees 'end of the ,arm 24 than it {is atthe opposite sidetof said transverse bar member, as is explained above; so that initially said loopt' has eflective: engagement: :with; said arm fortapplying transverse pressure gthereon only at saidv free end portion of said arm-24'=. In case the flange 18 of the railavhappens to'b'e of about the maximum size such as'is produced by a badly worn set of rolls, it may be found necessary that the arm 24' be pressed some little distance towardthe right in Fig-Q 4 for permit ting the mg 27 to snap-intoengaging position, inextreme cases bringing the full length of the arrnt24 into eifectiveengagement withthe end of the encircling loop.

B-y reasonof'the fact that the loop 24 is free to move transversely of the rail during theoperation of applying the anchor to a railftaken the' afa'ct that the arm or loop24 is subject to a slight distortion by a twistingactionwh'en heavy pressure is applied" downwardly "on the bar-'19 the distortion of the body-portion 19 of the transverse bar member necessary for 'carrying thelug'27 past the edge of the flange of the rail is limited and is distributed in such way as 'to prevent any permanent distortion of any'of. the parts at any point. 'The" arrangement is such that the transverse barmember' by itsjen:

agement about the arm 24am its engagement through the lug 2'7 with; the 'opposite 'edgepor tionof the flange is adapted to hold the abutment inember strongly in operative gripping p siti'on upon a rail of the minimum size to be expected, withthe arm- 24 standing in normal position transversely of the rail with respect to the remainder of the abutment member strongly resisting 7 any" movement "transver 1y 'of the rail from suc'hnorinal I OSitibn. The: e

'sili'ency is such, however, thafithejdevice j: an beapplied readily without; permanent distortion" upon the maximum size ofv rail; to bei expected, the effective length; of 'the; transverse bar member extended beyond the abutment member being capable of variation .by transverse movement of'the'arm' 24 to thefextent necessary for mentsy f V,

As. will be readily appreciated" by an inspection of Fig.2;the plate 23' in its applied [position upon a' rail stands in slightly tilted position by reason Of the downward swingingmovement of the arm 24 in the course of application of the device to a rail, serving in such tilted position to apply a very strong shackle or lever grip upon the top and bottomifaces of the flange of the, rail. It will be appreciated"also that when the arm 24 is swung transversely of the rail to a slight extent for permitting the trans-,- verse bar member to have effective holding engagement with the rail the. plate 23 is'givenfla slight rotary movement about a vertical. axis, this being effected without substantially'chang ing the gripping efiect on the'rail. 7 k 1 As is clearly shown'in Fig. 4; the transverse .bar member 19 normally has a;slight upward bend at an intermediate point therealong' at the point v30 int-said Fig. 4,- -for increasing 'the assurance that the lug. 27 will be maintained in operative engagement with-the fiange. If at any time heavy pressure on the side plate, 20 at its lower end portion shouldhave ia -tendency toclose the-loop 24 between the side plate portions 22 and 23, at the same time upward presesure would be applied on the'armar26v through the bottom bar portion 212.2691 correspondingly closing the loop of the transverse baiwmeinber,

meeting] any probable. requir thusi-preventing any loosening .-.of one loop 1 on the other. Such upwardpressure on "the arm 26; due'to heavy pressure a'betwee'nx the tieq 16' and the side plate 20-would also have adistinct tendency to swingth'e transversebar'memb'er as a whole in counter 'clockwise direction in Fig. 3*Zfor pressing the transverse bar member tight ly against the bottom face of the rail and efiectivel'yover-coiningany po'ssible tendency for :dis-- engagement of the lug 27 from the edgeof" flange. I v I H By reason of my construction; in which the bar-1'9 and 'lug 27 are tightened against'the rail as the pressure on the anchor increases, a verystrong shackle or lever grip is effected on the rail is held very firmly in position against movement longitudinally with respecttto the tie.

As will be appreciated fiom "a study of-I- my construction, when the arm 24 ismoved out of normal position on theabutment member by pressure on -the arm in a" direct-1y transverse di rection withresp'ect to the rail, the ar nifis swung about a vertical axis without- 'any rolling or twisting -motion of "the 'arm'a'bout an axis ex tending longitudinally ofthe' rail, such sidewis'e swinging movement of the arm accordingly having no tendency to' cause anyl downward swing ing movement or the transverse bar 7 member l9;

I have found in practice that one of" my im proved devices'f is capable ofbeing applied to advantage-to rails of"slightlyvarying dimensions; that. thed'evice is "capable of being ap 'plied to advantage to therail for which 'itf is designed without-dangerof permanent distortion j of the 'parts fand that the device is'very efiec= tive for preventing T longitudinal movement of the rail-upon'which it is properly-applied; While I' prefer to employth'e' form of-device as shownin my drawing-and as above described, it is' to be'understood that my invention-is'not limitedto the'form shown except so far 'as the claimsmay be so "limited by the prior-art: 3 I

I'claiin: 1. In arailkanch'or, the combinationT'of an abutment me'mber' adapted to gripthe flange of araii and comprising a part extendingxlongi tudinally of the rail and movable Fyi'eldingly about a I vertical axis transversely of Y the rail with respect to the remainder-oi the' abutmen't member but adapted: 'strongly tow'resist such transversemoverne'nt, and a transverse bar mem-z .the side; 'ed'ges'orfaces of the flangewhereby her adapted by engagement'with said yieldingly movable' part andwith the edge of the flange at the-opposite side of the rail to" holddsaid ab" ent member strongly in operativegripping position on the rail, said bar member being of such-effective length as to hold' the abutment member in operative position on a rail of a: predetermined minimum sizewith said yieldinglyv movable-part in'substantially normal position and to hold-said abutmentfmember in operative the rail but adapted strongly to resist such transverse movement, and .a transverse bar member adapted by engagement with said arm and with the edge-of. the 'flange'at: the opposite sidexof the: an: to hold said abutment member strongly inoperative" gripping position zon the ment with the edge of the flange at the oppo-p.

of normal position.

rail, said bar member being of such efiective 'length as to vhold the abutment member in op-'- erative gripping position-ton a rail of a-prede+ termined minimum size with; said arm insubstantially normal position and to hold said abutment member in operative gripping posi-r a the flange latzthe opposite side of :therail. to

tion on a rail of slightly greater sizewith said arm moved transversely of the rail-slightly out 3. In a rail anchor, the combination tof; an

abutment member adapted to grip the flange of a rail and comprising an arm in the form ofa loop in substantially horizontal position on said abutment member and adapted to-swing yield-. ingly about a vertical axis transversely of the rail'but adapted strongly toresist such transverse movement, and a transverse bar member adapted by engagement with: said arm and with the edge ofthe flange atrthe opposite sideof the rail toghold said abutment member strongly in. operative gripping position on, the raili'said bar member being of such effective length. as to hold the abutment-member in operative gripping position on a rail -of;a predeterminedmim'; mum size 'withsaid arm in substantially normal position and tovhol'd said abutment member in operative gripping position on a rail'ofslightly greater size with said arm swung transversely of therail slightly out of normal position. t

- 4. 'Ina 'rail anchor, the combination of an abutment member adapted to ;gripthe flange of a railiand comprising a part 'yieldinglymovable transversely of the rail with'respect to the major portion of the abutment member but adapted strongly to resist such, transverse 'movement,

such yieldingly, movable part having a bearing face extending longitudinally of, the rail, and a transverse bar member having a loop at one end adaptedby engagement of said loop with said yieldingly movable part of the abutment member atone side of the railandby engagesite side of the rail to hold said abutment member'strongly in operative gripping position on the rail, said yieldingly movable part and said "loop being 5 so arranged with respect to each other that they have. effective engagement with each other for applying pressuretransversely of the rail from one tothe other atonly one side portion of the transverse bar member when said yieldinglymovable part is in its, normal position on the abutment member. s

5. In a rail anchor, thevcombination of an abutment member adapted to grip the flange of a rail and comprising an arm on said abutment member with. one end free so asto be movable yieldingly transversely of the rail but adapted,

strongly to resist such transversetmovement, and a" transverse bar member havingan end portion turned backwardly on the bar for forming aloop adapted to engage about thearm on said abutment member, said barmember being adapted by engagement with said arm, and with the edge of the flange at the opposite side of the rail to ,holdsaid abutment member in operative gripping positionon a rail, said' loop having itsbearing portions so positioned that'when said'arm is standing in normal position on the abutment member said loophas effective engagement with said arm for applying transverse pressure thereon only at the free end portion of the arm.

6. In a rail anchor, the combination of i an abutment member in the form of a U both legs of which are adapted to grip the flange of a rail andcomprising an arm inv'the form ofz a.:loop formed integrally. with-A one of the legs ot the Ujso asto extend longitudinally of the rail towardthe other-leg and being open atthe; end portion of the, loop adjacent to the leg with which;it is formed, and a transverse barmember adapted by engagement with said loop and with themedge ot hold said abutment member "strongly in operative gripping position-on the rail, said bar member being of such efiective length as to hold the abutment member in operative gripping'pow sition on a rail of a predetermined,; n murn size withsaid loop insubstantially normal posi-' tion and; to hold said abutment meniber ;in op1- erative grippingpositionon a rail of, slightly greater sizewith said loopzwung transversely ,of the rail; against; the resiliency of said arm slightly outof'normal positiona v '7, In a rail anchor, the combination-or abutment member in the form of a U both; legs of 'which are adapted to gripthe flangenof a rail and comprising an, arm in the form-of arloop te med i t al w th o th e s 6 h U soas to extend longitudinally otthe rail tetoeng'age aboutthe arm on said abutment member," said bar tmmbe'r being adapted by engage ment with said arm' and with the edge of the flangefat' the'oppo'site sideof the, rail to hold said abutmentmember, in operative grippi ng position on a rail, Isaid 'e'ngagingloopl on the trans verse 'bar member having its bearing portions so positioned with respect to 'said' arm that, when said armfi's standing inl'normal position an the abutment member said engaging loop has 'efiece tive engagementiwith said arm forlapplying transverse pressure thereon only at the free end portion of thefarm, said (bar member banger such eflective.,-,length "as. to hold the abutment member operative i n' position on a' a l of a predetermined minimum size with saidfarm in substantially normal position and'tol hold'said abutmentmember in operative grippin position one. rail of slightly, greater size with. said, arm swung transversely of the rail againstthe re siliency of said ,arm slightly out or, normal position. a 8. Ina rail anchor, the combination, of an abutment member in theformof a U both legs of which are adapted to grip the flangelof arail, and a transverse bar member adapted by" en, gagement' with said abutment'fmember and" with said flange to 'hold said abutment member in operative gripping position on the fiangegi'the engagement between said transverse bar menu;

ber and said abutment 'member being effected through the medium of aturnedbajck endpo'ra' tionof said bar: providing a loop engaging about a portion of the abutment memberfextending longitudinally of the rail and thereby normally for permitting the transverse" barr'nember to Swing downwardly slightly for movement trans; versely of the rail into operative gripping relation thereto! a e 9. In a railanchor, theflcombination of an abutment member adapted to grip -,the flange" of a rail andcomprising a comparatively resilient Meg n ingly upirr operative position. with respect to the ram a railanchor; thencombination- ;ornan' abutment member adapted togripithesflang'e iof-i arail at one-side thereof, 1 and; a: transverse: bar: member adapted 5 by engagement with saidaaabut-p ment ,m mberandtwith isaid. flange to hold said abutment member in operative gripping position? on the flanges; the :"engagement between said transverse bar member and said abutment member being effected through the medium of a turned back end portion of said bar providing a loop engaging about a portion of the abutment member and bearing at its outer face on another portion of said abutment member by which the loop is held from spreading vertically.

11. In a rail anchor, the combination of an abutment member adapted to grip the flange of a rail at one side thereof, and a transverse bar member adapted by engagement with said abutment member and with said flange to hold said abutment member in operative gripping position on the flange, the engagement between said transverse bar member and said abutment member being effected through the medium of a turned back end portion of said bar providing a loop engaging about a portion of the abutment member, said loop when the anchor is being applied into operative position on a rail being interposed between the rail and another portion of the abutment member by which said loop is held from spreading vertically.

12. In a rail anchor, the combination of an abutment member adapted to grip the flange of a rail at one side thereof, and a transverse bar member adapted by engagement with said abutment member and with said flange to hold said abutment member in operative gripping position on the flange, the engagement between said transverse bar member and said abutment member being effected through the medium of a turned back end portion of said bar providing a loop engaging about a portion of the abutment member and bearing at its-outer face on another portion of said abutment member by which the loop is held from spreading vertically, the arrangement being such that the abutment member has a tendency by upward pressure on said turned back end portion on said bar to swing the body of the bar member more tightly against the rail when heavy pressure is applied on said abutment member transversely of the rail in use.

13. In a rail anchor, the combination of, an abutment member adapted to grip the flange of a rail and comprising an arm on said abutment member and extending longitudinally of the rail with one end free so as to be movable yieldingly with respect to the remainder of the abutment member but adapted strongly to resist such movement, and a transverse bar member adapted by engagement with said arm and with the edge of the flange at the opposite side of the rail to hold said abutment member strongly in operative gripping position on a rail, the engagesaid abutment member beingwiefiected' through the; medium? ,of I ran gturned ,Jeack efid portion" of said-bar providing" a loop'i engaging farm: and-'rsbtarrangedias inorniail y o.v hold transversezbarrmember: operative grippingoen mentrbetween said: transverse :sbar,-.;membe1 and r gagem'ent with the-railubut:adapted whenrthe' anchor being; applied to E-theorai-l toil zvield *i or': permitting :tlrebar fin-ember .t'o swingtdoiwnwardly slightly-tier movement, transversely rot the ail into,=,e1fective.-, engagement ;.therewith.sj

v 1 4; In; a. rail anchon, the: kcombination abutmenti member in,:theuform.-;o a having notchesyin the-,edges of both legs :adapted toigri p' the, flange of a rail and-having an? ar'r nforin'd integrally with j one of 3 said. *legszin theqform ofi az loop; extending? longitudinally.;of;thei railtoward" he iother leg= andxa ftransverseiebar xmeniber adapted-"by engagement .:-wit h- 'saidesabutment member and with said flange to hold saidwabuiir ment member, in ioperative l grippingrposition ion engaging about the loop on said abutment mem- 1 ber adapted normally to hold said bar member up in operative position with respect to the rail but adapted upon compression of said first named loop to permit a slight-downward swinging movement of said bar with respect to the abutment member. s

15. In a rail anchor, the combination of an abutment member adapted to grip the flange of a rail at one side thereof, and a transverse bar member adapted by engagement with said abutment member and with said flange to hold said abutment member in operative gripping position on 1 the flange, said transverse bar extending underneath the rail and across the top face of a portion of the abutment member positioned longitudinally of the rail below the level of vthe rail and extending thence downwardly and then backwardly in the form of a loop along the outer edge and the bottomface of said portion of the abutment member so as to be held normally by engagement with the abutment member also in effective engagement with the rail.

16. In a rail anchor, the combination of an abutmentmember adapted to grip the flange of. a rail and comprising a part yieldingly movable transversely of the rail with respect to the,

major portion of the abutment member but adapted strongly to resist such transverse movement, and a transverse bar member having an end portion turned backwardly on the bar for providing a loop adaptedto' engage about said yieldingly movable part on said abutment member, said bar member being adapted by such engagement with said yieldingly movable part and with the edge of the flange at the opposite side of the rail to hold said abutment member in operative gripping position on the rail, said bar member being of such effective length as to hold the abutment member in operative gripping position on a rail of a predetermined minimum size with said yieldingly movable part in substantially noradapted by engagementwith said arm and'with' of the rail and adapted to be displaced from normal position upon application of the anchor-t0 a;

rail and adapted by such displacementto swing said jaw. member about an axis extending transversely of the rail for establishing a lever grip 'bysaid {aw member on thetop and bottom iaces of the rail flange, and a transverse bar member the flange at the opposite side of the rail to hold said jaw member from backing transversely of the rail outof operative gripping engagement therewith. t

V 18; In a rail anchor, the combination of a jaw member adapted to have. gripping engagement with the flange of a rail when moved transversely of the frail into operative position thereon, an arm onsaid Jaw member. in positi'onto extend longitudinally of the rail therefrom, and a transverse bar member having an end portion turned backwardly on the bar for forming a loop adapt+ ed to engage about said arm and adapted by engagement with said arm and with the flange at the' opposite side of the rail to holdsaid Jaw member in operative gripping positiononthe rail, said transverse bar' member and'said arm being forced downwardly from normal position when said'jaw member is moved into gripping position onithe' rail serving to swing said 'ja'w m'ember slightly about an axis-extending transversely oi the rail for giving said jaw member a lever grip on the top and bottom faces of the rail danger/H:- i"

RIOLANDIISV A BLAIR; I 

